![]() ![]() Since the most of drugs are solid crystalline compounds, we can use common techniques such as diffraction (X-ray, neutron, electron), thermal analysis (DSC, DTA, TG…), spectroscopic (IR, NIR, Raman), micromeritics (surface area, particle size, iGC, vapor sorption), microscopy (optical, SEM, TEM, STM, AFM), and their combinations. Ĭounterfeit pharmaceuticals may threaten the health and life, and for this reason, it is important to monitor and investigate the pharmaceutical materials. These groups include antibiotics, antihistamines, anti-malarials, hormones, steroids, and others. It has been observed that specific groups of medical preparations are counterfeited much more often than others. We can find the counterfeit drugs in brand and generic name pharmaceuticals, as well as in developing and developed countries. In addition, a very large number of advertisements, lower prices for these drugs, and emerging “discounts” for customers further encourage the purchase. 50% of the drugs for sale on the internet are falsified. The World Health Organization estimates that approx. Graphical AbstractĪ significant increase in the availability of drugs, especially the possibility to purchase medical preparations in shops, at petrol stations, or online, creates the possibility for introducing counterfeit drugs, which can contain inappropriate substances, abnormal amounts of active substances or significant amount of impurities. Based on the above investigations, it may be stated that a combination of two methods: XRPD and DSC can be used to distinguish the original drugs from counterfeit products, e.g., by checking for the presence of the correct API or by a comparison of the drugs fingerprint. For this reason, the study of characteristics of thermal decomposition of drugs and excipients is necessary. The evidence for the interaction can be obtained by comparing DSC and TG curves of the drug and the excipient, as well as those of their physical mixtures. ![]() The data obtained during these investigations can be useful in quick tests of physicochemical discrepancies and abnormalities between potential components of pharmaceutical preparations. Moreover, it was found that the chemical structure of the studied compounds affects the process of their thermal decomposition. Thermal analysis of the studied substances showed that during the thermal analysis, the following phenomena might occur: dehydration and (or) melting, crystalline transformation. Therefore, different intensities of lines for the APIs were observed in the obtained diffraction patterns. The intensities of the diffraction lines depend on the content of the component in the tested preparation. The values of the interplanar distance d hkl for the studied samples are in good accordance with those presented in the ICDD database. X-ray analysis confirmed that in all investigated samples, the active API (acetylsalicylic acid and ascorbic acid) was present. ![]()
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